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	<title>Australia &#8211; JOIDES Resolution</title>
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	<description>Science in Search of Earth&#039;s Secrets</description>
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	<title>Australia &#8211; JOIDES Resolution</title>
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		<title>Nautical Flags</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/nautical-flags/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=nautical-flags</link>
					<comments>https://joidesresolution.org/nautical-flags/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Erin Todd]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Dec 2017 07:26:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Life at Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scientific Outreach]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2nd Mate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ANZIC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP372]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flags]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maritime terms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nautical Flags]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New Zealand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Southern Ocean]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[I got a little curious about some of the nautical customs observed on the JOIDES Resolution – specifically about nautical...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/nautical-flags/" title="Continue reading Nautical Flags">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I got a little curious about some of the nautical customs observed on the JOIDES Resolution – specifically about nautical flags and ship-to-ship communication. Fortunately, Second Mate Edmund Ancheta, who has been sailing on the JR since 2009, was kind enough to answer my questions and teach me about the various types of shipboard communications. His responses are paraphrased below.</p>
<p><em>I’m curious to learn about nautical flags. What are nautical flags primarily used for?</em></p>
<p>Nautical flags are primarily used as a method of communication between ships. While in port, there are a number of flags that are flown to indicate the ship’s registration and right to be in the port. The JR flies the flag of the country in which they are making the port call, the ship’s company flag (Siem Offshore), the client’s flag (Texas A&amp;M University, and the flag of the country where the ship is registered (Cyprus). In addition to these four flags, flags representing letters A-Z and numbers 0-9 that can be flown alone or together in a combination. There are also repeater flags used as a substitute in the event that a letter needs to be repeated. While each of these alphanumeric nautical flags has a specific meaning when flown by itself, they can also be flown together to represent a code word. These special meanings and code words are set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and are listed in a publication called the International Code of Signals. This publication is reproduced every 5 years to incorporate any new changes in the signals.</p>
<figure id="attachment_25218" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25218" style="width: 768px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-large wp-image-25218" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut1-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut1-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-25218" class="wp-caption-text">From left to right: Company Flag (Siem Offshore), Client Flag (Texas A&amp;M University), Ship&#8217;s Registry Flag (Cyprus), Hotel (I have a pilot on board), Port Country Flag (Australia)</figcaption></figure>
<figure id="attachment_25210" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25210" style="width: 768px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-25210 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut2-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut2-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-25210" class="wp-caption-text">Hotel (I have a pilot on board) Flag flying during departure from Fremantle</figcaption></figure>
<p><em>What are some of the most commonly used nautical flags and what do they mean?</em></p>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-25214 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nautflags-884x1024.png" alt="" width="884" height="1024" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nautflags-884x1024.png 884w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nautflags-259x300.png 259w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nautflags-768x890.png 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nautflags.png 1116w" sizes="(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px" /></p>
<p><em>How many different flags are there?</em></p>
<p>Between flags for every country, letters A-Z, numbers 0-9, and ship companies and clients, the JR carries hundreds of flags. There are also substitute flags used in the event that a letter needs to be repeated as well as a “code and answering pendant.” A maximum of 4 flags may be flown at a time and flags should never touch the ground while being raised or lowered. The bridge has a special cubby where flags for the next 4 countries where the ship is scheduled to make a port call. The New Zealand flag is ready to go!</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-25215 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nzflag-1024x512.png" alt="" width="1024" height="512" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nzflag-1024x512.png 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nzflag-300x150.png 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nzflag-768x384.png 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nzflag.png 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></p>
<p><em>How else do ships communicate with each other?</em></p>
<p>The primary method for ship-to-ship communication is with the radio. The captain, chief, second and third mates, and the radio operator all have to have something called a General Operator’s Certificate. This certificate means they have the proper training in the procedures and language of maritime radio operators. Even with modern technology, sometimes nautical flags are easier for ship-to-ship communication. For example, when we were at anchor just outside Fremantle and the hull was being cleaned by machine and by divers, the JR flew nautical flag Alfa (“<em>I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed</em>”). This is simpler than specifically calling every nearby ship on the radio.</p>
<p>If there is a language barrier or the radio and other forms of electronic communication aren’t working, there are other backup forms of ship-to-ship communication. Morse Code. Morse code can be communicated visually with flashing lights or audibly with the ship’s whistle or even a gong. An Aldis Lamp, also called a signal lamp, is a way to communicate with another ship through Morse Code. This is a hand-held lamp that connects to a large battery pack. The user can pull a trigger on the lamp’s handle and flash the light in long or short bursts.</p>
<figure id="attachment_25211" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25211" style="width: 1024px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-25211 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut3-1024x768.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="768" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut3-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-25211" class="wp-caption-text">Aldis Lamp battery</figcaption></figure>
<figure id="attachment_25212" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25212" style="width: 1024px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-25212 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut4-1024x768.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="768" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut4-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut4-300x225.jpg 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/naut4-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-25212" class="wp-caption-text">Me holding the Aldis Lamp. The lever to turn the light on is beneath my hand on the handle.</figcaption></figure>
<p><em>Where did you learn about nautical flags and how would you recommend that someone learn about them if they are interested?</em></p>
<p>Edmund learned about nautical flags and other forms of ship-to-ship communication in maritime school. As second mate of the JR, he also holds a General Operator’s Certificate. If you want to learn more about nautical flags, check in your local area for a maritime club.</p>
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		<title>Is there ever enough time?</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/is-there-ever-enough-time/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=is-there-ever-enough-time</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Erin Todd]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Dec 2017 08:45:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Life at Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ANZIC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP372]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New Zealand]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ship life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Southern Indian Temperate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time Change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transit]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://joidesresolution.org//?p=25200</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Fremantle, Australia and our study area in New Zealand are 5 hours apart. When it&#8217;s 12:00pm in Fremantle, it&#8217;s 5pm...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/is-there-ever-enough-time/" title="Continue reading Is there ever enough time?">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-25206 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050116-1024x384.png" alt="" width="1024" height="384" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050116-1024x384.png 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050116-300x112.png 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050116-768x288.png 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050116.png 1150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />Fremantle, Australia and our study area in New Zealand are 5 hours apart. When it&#8217;s 12:00pm in Fremantle, it&#8217;s 5pm in New Zealand. Even though the ship becomes its own little world, as outreach officers our job is to keep up with the rest of the world to communicate what&#8217;s happening onboard. To do that, we have to know what time it is!</p>
<p>We are currently on day 3 of a 3,407 nautical mile (6,310 kilometer; 3,921 mile) transit over the course of which we need to move our clocks ahead by 5 hours. While it seems like it should be easy to know WHEN we should move our clocks ahead, there are actually a lot of factors to consider. We are changing time zones one hour at a time every few days along our transit at either 2am and 2pm.</p>
<p>&#8211;Why not just change time zones when we reach the borders of Australia&#8217;s time zones?</p>
<p>Australia&#8217;s population is primarily concentrated in its coastal cities. Most of the population lives on the east coast, so the areas covered by the western time zones are very large. If we followed Australia&#8217;s time zones, most of our time changes would come in quick succession toward the end of our transit, thus messing with our sleep and work schedules.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-25202 aligncenter" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Australia-Timezones-Daylight-300x254.png" alt="" width="300" height="254" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Australia-Timezones-Daylight-300x254.png 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Australia-Timezones-Daylight.png 563w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
<p>Photo: Australian time zones during daylight saving time (current time zones) CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1044878</p>
<p>&#8211;Why not just change at 2am like the change between standard time and daylight saving time?</p>
<p>Since we are a 24 hour operation with 2 shifts (noon to midnight and midnight to noon), we can&#8217;t change time zones at 2am each time or one shift would get their shift shortened while the other would consistently lose an hour of sleep. To make it even, we alternate the time changes between 2am and 2pm.</p>
<p>&#8211;How do we know when to change our clocks?</p>
<p>The captain makes an announcement ~24 hours before the clocks are scheduled to change. This information is posted around the ship in all the common areas. The official ship clocks are automatically changed at the scheduled time.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-25203" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050119-e1512462833523-225x300.jpg" alt="" width="225" height="300" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050119-e1512462833523-225x300.jpg 225w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050119-e1512462833523-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PC050119-e1512462833523.jpg 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px" /></p>
<p>So there you have it! We will be catching up to New Zealand time throughout our transit at a slow and steady pace until ship time matches New Zealand Daylight Time!</p></div>
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		<title>Exploring the Inner Earth &#8211; Crust to Core</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/exploring-the-inner-earth-crust-to-core/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=exploring-the-inner-earth-crust-to-core</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[School of Rock]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2017 12:04:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[371T]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP371T]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JOIDES Resolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pacific ocean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philippines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Subic Bay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Townsville]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://joidesresolution.org//?p=22955</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Written By David Hansen The focus of today’s discussion provided insight into the structure of the Earth, plate interactions, the...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/exploring-the-inner-earth-crust-to-core/" title="Continue reading Exploring the Inner Earth &#8211; Crust to Core">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Written By David Hansen</p>

<figure id="attachment_22988" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-22988" style="width: 244px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-22988" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3030-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="244" height="326" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3030-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3030-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-22988" class="wp-caption-text">Rockers check out various maps giving them clues to discover the types of plate interactions within the Earth.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The focus of today’s discussion provided insight into the structure of the Earth, plate interactions, the importance of mentorship and a science cafe discussion.</p>
<figure id="attachment_22990" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-22990" style="width: 265px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-22990" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3031-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="265" height="354" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3031-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3031-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-22990" class="wp-caption-text">Rockers use the skills they have gained on the expedition to decipher heat graphs and relate them to tectonic plates.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Did you know the Earth is made of various liquid and solid layers?  The solid inner core, liquid outer core, solid mantle, soft upper mantle (also called the asthenosphere) and solid lithosphere (which includes the Earth’s crust) are the components that make up the layers of the Earth.  These various layers contribute to the interactions plates have with each other.  Seismic waves generated by earthquakes (compressional “p-waves” and shear/longitudinal “s-waves”) have revealed the orientation of Earth’s layers.</p>
<figure id="attachment_22991" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-22991" style="width: 267px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-22991" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3047-e1500291501947-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="267" height="356" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3047-e1500291501947-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3047-e1500291501947-225x300.jpg 225w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-22991" class="wp-caption-text">Notes describing the various types of plate boundaries.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The movement of the lithosphere results in a theory known as plate tectonics.  Many topographical features are created by the movement of plates either perpendicular or parallel to each other.  These plate interactions are depicted in the photo of notes.</p>
<figure id="attachment_22989" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-22989" style="width: 264px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-22989" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3034-1024x768.jpg" alt="" width="264" height="198" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3034-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3034-300x225.jpg 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3034-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-22989" class="wp-caption-text">Sunset view from the top of the JOIDES Resolution in transit from Subic Bay, Philippines to Townsville, Australia.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Along with scientific discussions, we also covered various aspects of K-12 and university education.  The importance of mentorship was the lead topic.  As teachers, being a mentor is part of the job description.  Creating professional relationships with students, peers and administration is an essential aspect of the job.  Even on the ship, creating relationships with those we work with is critical, especially with increasing seas and no land in sight for days.</p>
<p>The nightcap was our first &#8220;science cafe&#8221;.  After going to the top of the ship to watch the sun set, we gathered in the conference room to discuss the comparisons between stress and strain in relation to the Earth&#8217;s plates.  This lead us to the understanding of how the USGS seismology graphs and symbols are used to depict earthquakes and the fault lines they occur on.</p>
<p>Many of us had never met each other before this expedition.  Never interacted on a daily basis with someone from another country.  Never sailed for extended periods on the open ocean.  Never connected with someone over an oceanic crust core.  But over the last week and a half, we have developed friendships and relationships that will last for many years to come.  We have become a family.</p>
<figure id="attachment_23001" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-23001" style="width: 1024px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-23001 size-large" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_6092-1024x683.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="683" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_6092-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_6092-300x200.jpg 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_6092-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-23001" class="wp-caption-text">Rockers pose for a photo while in port in Subic Bay, Philippines before transiting to Townsville, Australia. Photo courtesy of Mark Leckie.</figcaption></figure>
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		<title>At the bottom of the ocean</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Philipp Brandl]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jun 2014 12:19:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[APC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[APC_1218]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP351]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[igneous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[igneous_1214]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[petrologist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U1438]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VIT Camera]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[This is Philipp Brandl, igneous petrologist onboard the Joides Resolution (JR). I was born and raised in Germany but I...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean/" title="Continue reading At the bottom of the ocean">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is Philipp Brandl, igneous petrologist onboard the Joides Resolution (JR). I was born and raised in Germany but I am now based in Australia to do some research drilling south of Japan; awesome. My colleague Frank already blogged about our transit from Yokohama to a place we call ‘IBM-1’, where we will now start to drill site U1438. IBM stands for Izu-Bonin-Mariana and is the name of the volcanic islands chains related to subduction zones in the western Pacific. We arrived at IBM-1 yesterday morning at 04:00 local time and spent the whole day assembling the drill string and lowering it to the seafloor in more than 4700 m water depth. That&#8217;s are almost 3 miles of water! Last night, we all watched the moment when the moon pool was opened to deploy the VIT (vibration isolated television) color camera along the drill string. This camera allows us to survey the seafloor for submarine cables or to re-entry a hole. No one wants to imagine what would happen if we accidently drill trough a fiber optic cable connecting these parts of the world. Once we have finished this survey we will soon start to drill our first two holes U1438A and B using APC drilling techniques. APC stands for advanced piston corer and means that we will shoot a core into the seafloor using high pressure. So by tomorrow morning we are expecting the first ‘core on deck’ … Stay tuned!</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Question of the day: What has the moon to do with a pool? The round hole in the middle of the JR that is used to lower the drill string and our deep sea camera to the seafloor is called the ‘moon pool’. So now comes the question we would like you to answer because we don’t know: What is the origin of the term ‘moon pool’? Recent theories: Because the light shines through the water and the bottom of the ship so it looks like a blue shining moon … Because it is a round hole (full moon) or only a half-round (half moon) …</p>
<p>If you know the answer email it to jrs_prosalik@ship.iodp.tamu.edu or jrs_jbogus@ship.iodp.tamu.edu for a chance to win a free JOIDES Resolutuion mug or T-shirt.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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