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	<title>Oceans &#8211; JOIDES Resolution</title>
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	<description>Science in Search of Earth&#039;s Secrets</description>
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	<title>Oceans &#8211; JOIDES Resolution</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Election results from the Expedition 397 &#8220;What&#8217;s your favorite ocean?&#8221; survey</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/election-results-from-the-expedition-397-whats-your-favorite-ocean-survey/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=election-results-from-the-expedition-397-whats-your-favorite-ocean-survey</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Amy Mayer]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2022 14:29:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Expeditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geological time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History of Earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life at Sea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Earth history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP397]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oceans]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://joidesresolution.org/?p=39193</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[One day at lunch a handful of us were discussing the world&#8217;s oceans, as often happens, and the conversation turned...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/election-results-from-the-expedition-397-whats-your-favorite-ocean-survey/" title="Continue reading Election results from the Expedition 397 &#8220;What&#8217;s your favorite ocean?&#8221; survey">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One day at lunch a handful of us were discussing the world&#8217;s oceans, as often happens, and the conversation turned to superlatives.</p>
<p>&#8220;What&#8217;s your favorite ocean?&#8221; someone asked. And then speculation began about what other people&#8217;s favorites might be and whether, sequestered out here in a finite space for a fixed duration of time, anyone would dare say their favorite was any ocean other than this one we&#8217;re in. The stakes couldn&#8217;t be &#8230; lower. This is an entirely trivial survey and the results should in no way impact any reader&#8217;s perception of the science party and technicians&#8217; commitment to the work they&#8217;re doing here.</p>
<p>Not that anyone would worry about that because, unsurprisingly, our winner is: Atlantic Ocean. But it wasn&#8217;t a runaway victory. With 12 votes, the Atlantic finished three votes ahead of the runner-up. Then again, one could say the Atlantic with 39% of votes earned a decisive finish, 10 percentage points ahead of its next closest rival, (predictably) the Pacific, which had 29%. With no ocean getting a majority, there could, perhaps, be a runoff. But that seems unnecessary.</p>
<figure id="attachment_39195" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-39195" style="width: 500px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-39195" src="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Ocean-survey-bar-graph-300x182.png" alt="Bar graph showing votes for each ocean." width="500" height="303" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Ocean-survey-bar-graph-300x182.png 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Ocean-survey-bar-graph-768x465.png 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Ocean-survey-bar-graph.png 952w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-39195" class="wp-caption-text">On one ballot, the first line didn&#8217;t contain the name of one of the major modern oceans, and neither did the second line. That vote is the one &#8220;spoiled ballot.&#8221;</figcaption></figure>
<p>A word about our voting process. There were two lines on the ballot. The first said, &#8220;Which is your favorite ocean?&#8221; Below that was the following prompt, &#8220;If you did not write Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific or Southern, please choose one of these as a second/broader choice.&#8221; One person did not make an acceptable second choice (that is, the first line didn&#8217;t contain the name of one of the major modern oceans, and neither did the second). That vote is the one &#8220;spoiled ballot,&#8221; though that voter&#8217;s choices are reflected in the list of additional seas named.</p>
<p>Eligible voters were members of the science party and technical staff, for a total of 53 (including one onshore education and outreach officer). Ballots were available for nearly two weeks, with most people taking advantage of early voting. There were a few that trickled in as the polls were about to close last night. And by that I mean, just before I took the ballot box out of the conference room where it&#8217;s been and added the last two ballots to the pile.</p>
<p>Points for creativity for some of the write-in candidates:</p>
<ul>
<li>Caribbean</li>
<li>English Channel</li>
<li>Gulf of Mexico</li>
<li>Iapetus</li>
<li>Mediterranean</li>
<li>North Atlantic</li>
<li>Panthalassa</li>
<li>South Atlantic</li>
<li>South Pacific</li>
</ul>
<p>Had one last-minute voter not been willing to reveal his vote, your humble election worker would have needed to Google two of these responses. For others who may also be less familiar with the Earth&#8217;s ocean history, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Paleozoic-Era">Iapetus</a> is the name of an ocean that was in the southern hemisphere more than 500 million years ago and Panthalassa is what the world&#8217;s ocean was called during the time when all the world&#8217;s continents were the one, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pangea">Pangea</a>.</p>
<p>As is often the case in U.S. elections, voter turnout was a bit disappointing with only 58% of eligible voters casting ballots (though I can confirm the two-member education and outreach precinct had 100% voter turnout!). The anonymous voting left no way to know whether the non-participants were technicians or science party members. Do they disproportionately represent one lab group or another? Were they mostly disgruntled members of the often neglected 6pm to 6am shift? We&#8217;ll never know. But rest assured, there was no tampering with the process and all of the un-voted ballots are accounted for.</p>
<p>Regardless of differing <em>favorites</em>, the enthusiasm within the science party about the details of the past they are uncovering suggests they&#8217;ll all be heaping attention on the North Atlantic for a long time after the ship docks and they return to their home labs. And more meaningful voting opportunities.</p>
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		<title>A Deeper Understanding</title>
		<link>https://joidesresolution.org/a-deeper-understanding/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=a-deeper-understanding</link>
					<comments>https://joidesresolution.org/a-deeper-understanding/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Perry]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jun 2018 05:36:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Expeditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Volcanoes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bathymetry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[day]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discovery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXP376]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exploration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imagery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multibeam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ocean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oceans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[planetary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sounding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://joidesresolution.org//?p=28553</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I was lucky enough to grow up with a view of the ocean from my living room. I was lucky...  <div class="read-more"><a class="excerpt-read-more" href="https://joidesresolution.org/a-deeper-understanding/" title="Continue reading A Deeper Understanding">Read more<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div>]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure id="attachment_28570" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28570" style="width: 602px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-28570" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2018/06/MA_I022899_TePapa_Sumner_preview.jpg" alt="" width="602" height="465" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/MA_I022899_TePapa_Sumner_preview.jpg 1000w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/MA_I022899_TePapa_Sumner_preview-300x232.jpg 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/MA_I022899_TePapa_Sumner_preview-768x594.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-28570" class="wp-caption-text">Sumner Beach, which I used to visit long long ago when I was young.</figcaption></figure>
<p>I was lucky enough to grow up with a view of the ocean from my living room. I was lucky enough to spend many childhood summers at Sumner beach, a short walk over the sun-baked pavements of suburban Christchurch. Generally, we New Zealanders are lucky in the sense that we&#8217;re not often too far from a beautiful stretch of our 15,000km coastline.</p>
<p>Today is <strong>World Oceans Day</strong>, in which the global community acknowledges the integral status of our planet&#8217;s most precious, most vast, and most essential feature: the oceans.</p>
<p>It is a time to reflect on what we know, and have yet to learn about the great blue expanse, as individuals, and as a species. We are lucky enough to live in a time where there is still a great deal to discover &#8211; and a great deal of discovery taking place! When one hears &#8220;the age of exploration&#8221;, they might think of a time long in the past. In reality, the exploration of our own planet is sill underway, and far from complete.</p>
<figure id="attachment_28557" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28557" style="width: 378px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-28557" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mrstopo.png" alt="" width="378" height="261" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mrstopo.png 695w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mrstopo-300x207.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-28557" class="wp-caption-text">Martian Topography (MGS, NASA)</figcaption></figure>
<p>Let&#8217;s consider the current maps of Mars. We have (thanks to the<strong> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></strong>) height maps of the entire Martian surface at a resolution of at least 2km. That is, at the fuzziest level, each pixel of colour represents an area roughly 2km wide. As for imagery, that is, how Mars actually looks, we have a complete picture of the red planet: from the frozen mesas of Cydonia, to the creeping crimson slopes of Olympus Mons, we can see it all, right down to a resolution of 240m per pixel &#8211; and in some regions, sharper than that!</p>
<p>The same can not be said for our own blue planet!</p>
<p>A vast majority (about 95%) of seafloor topographical maps are only half the resolution of their Martian counterparts, at ~4km per pixel. And imagery akin to that on land is non-existent. Put simply, most of the features of our own world are a fuzzier picture than that of a planet 55 million kilometres away.</p>
<p>At 4km per pixel, only large scale features, such as seamounts, trenches and volcanic arcs are detectable. <a href="https://joidesresolution.org//expedition/376/">Brothers volcano</a> barely even registers as a blip! This kind of map is charted by special satellites, which can detect the gravitational effect of large landforms (such as submarine volcanoes) on the waters above. But if we want a deeper understanding of what lies beneath the surface, we need to hit the high seas directly.</p>
<figure id="attachment_28555" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-28555" style="width: 549px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-28555" src="https://joidesresolution.org//wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bathy-1024x485.png" alt="" width="549" height="260" srcset="https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bathy-1024x485.png 1024w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bathy-300x142.png 300w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bathy-768x364.png 768w, https://joidesresolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bathy.png 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-28555" class="wp-caption-text">Global extent of Multibeam Bathymetry</figcaption></figure>
<p>If you&#8217;ve ever looked at the oceans on Google Earth, you might have noticed straight lines criss-crossing the water. These represent paths taken by surveying ships conducting Multibeam Bathymetry. Typically, this tidies up maps to 50m per pixel. That&#8217;s 100 times more detail!</p>
<p>Of course, this only gives us a thin sliver of seafloor at a time! As a result, only ~5% of the seafloor has been mapped at this resolution. If you want a clearer picture still, you&#8217;ll have to send down an underwater vehicle!</p>
<p>All IODP expeditions are preceded by years (and in many cases, decades) of preliminary mapping and analysis of the features that lie on the surface of the seafloor. In the case of <a href="https://joidesresolution.org//expedition/376/">Expedition 376</a>, retrieving core samples from Brothers is the culmination of nearly 20 years of study at the volcano. In attaining samples from below the seafloor, scientists have a window into the third dimension. From this, they can develop a deeper understanding of our watery world. The expeditions undertaken by the JOIDES Resolution represent a further step in the long tradition that is the exploration and discovery of what lies beneath our planet&#8217;s oceans.</p>
<p>The oceans are our present point of difference in the cosmos. Although Mars has better maps, we are lucky enough to have blue horizons, the sound of waves and more than half a world awaiting discovery beneath the waters of our home.</p>
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